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North America
United States
ADA Title IIISection 508WCAG 2.1 AA WCAG 2.1 AA
The United States enforces web accessibility primarily through the ADA and Section 508, both aligned to WCAG 2.1 AA. Federal websites and contractors have mandatory compliance obligations. Private sector organizations face increasing ADA litigation.
Legal Framework
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA, 1990) and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act (1998, refreshed 2018) are the primary legal frameworks. The DOJ has confirmed WCAG 2.1 AA as the applicable standard for web accessibility.
Who Must Comply
- Federal agencies and contractors
- Public accommodations (ADA Title III)
- State and local governments
- Organizations receiving federal funding
Key Technical Requirements
All images must have descriptive alt text
Videos require captions and audio descriptions
Color alone cannot convey information
Minimum 4.5:1 contrast ratio for normal text
Full keyboard navigation without a mouse
No content that flashes more than 3 times per second
Forms must have clearly associated labels
Error messages must be descriptive and identifiable
Enforcement & Penalties
Civil lawsuits, DOJ enforcement actions. ADA violations can result in compensatory damages and injunctive relief. First violation fines up to $75,000.
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